Upprop

Inom forskningsetiken har det blivit vanligt att forskarna själva genom upprop, deklarationer och kodexar söker övertyga varandra om att ta ställning för och emot skilda forskningfält och -metoder. Ett paradigmatiskt exempel är Nobelprisvinnaren Joseph Rotblats uppmaning till vetenskapsmän att skriva under en "hippokratisk ed". Att ansluta sig till en sådan etisk kod är naturligtvis helt frivilligt och de har ingen formellt bindande verkan. Nedan presenteras ett urval sådana dokument, samlade tematiskt.

Om bioetisk verksamhet och vetenskapens frihet

• A Human Rights Lawyer's Appeal to Academics, by Joseph Saunders
• London Declaration of the International Association of Bioethics for Freedom of Discussion in Bioethics

Om att skapa excellent forskning och undvika slöseri

• The REWARD statement
• Seven reasons to care about integrity in research (Science Europe)
• The Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC)

Om bioteknologi, miljö och hållbar utveckling

• Budapest Declaration (International Union of Food Science and Technology)
• Cape Town Declaration (International Union of Food Science and Technology)
• Earth Charter
• Global Compact - 9 Principles (United Nations)
• Manifest för skyddet av vårt genetiska arv (The Italian Scientific Antivivisection Committee)
• MOSAICC - Micro-organisms sustainable use and access regulation. International Code of Conduct
• Our Common Future under Climate Change - Outcome Statement (CFCC15 Scientific Committee)
• Scientists In Support Of Agricultural Biotechnology (AgBio World Foundation)
• Statements and Speeches (Third World Network)
• Transition to Sustainability in the 21st Century: The Contribution of Science and Technology. (InterAcademy Panel on International Issues)
• World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity

Om genetik och livets början

• Call for a ban on human reproductive cloning (InterAcademy Panel on International Issues)
• The Genetic Bill of Rights (Council for Responsible Genetics)
• On Human Embryos and Stem Cell Research. An Appeal for Ethically Responsible Science and Public Policy (Position statement from The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity)

Om annan medicinsk forskning

• Fair Research Contracts: Guidance (Council on Health Research for Development)
• All Trials Registered | All Results Reported
• Europaparlamentets resolution av den 12 juli 2007 om TRIPS-avtalet och tillgång till läkemedel
• European Parliament resolution on Major and Neglected Diseases in Developing Countries
• “The Ilulissat Statement” - Synthesizing the Future: A vision for the convergence of synthetic biology and nanotechnology (Kavli Futures Symposium ‘The merging of bio and nano: towards cyborg cells’, 11-15 June 2007, Ilulissat, Greenland)
• The International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine
• Philadelphia Consensus Statement to make the fruits of university research available in the developing world
• The Ancillary-Care Obligations of Medical Researchers Working in Developing Countries (Participants in the 2006 Georgetown University Workshop on the Ancillary-Care Obligations of Medical Researchers Working in Developing Countries)
• Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative (EGI)
• St Vincent Declaration - on diabetes research in Europe
• The Sydney Declaration: Good Research Drives Good Policy and Programming - A Call to Scale Up Research
• World report on knowledge for better health (WHO) - The report calls for a new and innovative approach to health systems research. Effective research could prevent half of the world's deaths with simple and cost-effective interventions.

Om krigföring, vapenutveckling och fred

• Advancing Human Security: The Role of Technology & Politics (Pugwash Council)
• An Appeal from Scientists in Japan to the Scientists and Citizens of the World: Charging Scientists with Moral Responsibility for the New Crisis in Nuclear Proliferation
• Appeal on the Sixtieth Anniversaries of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility and the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation)
• Appeal to End the Nuclear Weapons Threat to Humanity (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation)
• Biological Weapons & Codes of Conduct (This web site aims to provide resources for those considering the place, purpose and prospects of codes of conduct. It includes a chronology of past discussions about codes for bioscientists, notice of relevant events, publications and references information, and links to key organisations)
• Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Testing, Production, Stockpiling, Transfer, Use and Threat of Use of Nuclear Weapons and on Their Elimination (A model convention for the prohibition and elimination of nuclear weapons)
• Declaration of Paris - Health through Peace (International Physicians for the Prevention of a Nuclear War)
• Declaration of the 8th World Science Forum on Science for Peace
• Ethics: A Weapon to Counter Bioterrorism - paper by Margaret A. Somerville and Ronald M. Atlas in Science
• Hague Appeal for Peace
• Hippocratic Oath for Scientists, Engineers, and Executives 
• Interacademy Panel Statement on Biosecurity
• Missiles to Sunflowers - Abolition 2000 International Petition
• Resolution om icke-spridning av massförstörelsevapen: en roll för Europaparlamentet (Europaparlamentet)
• The Russell-Einstein Manifesto och den svenska pugwash-rörelsens hemsida
• Science and Peace (Förenta Nationerna)
• Scientists' and Engineers' Pledge To Renounce Weapons of Mass Destruction (International campaign from various U.S. organisations)
• World Medical Association Declaration of Washington on Biological Weapons
• World Medical Association Declaration on Nuclear Weapons

Övergripande upprop och kodexar samt om andra ämnen

• An oath for Bioscientists - a proposal (Journal of Biomedical Sciences)
• Budapest Open Access Initiative - om open access på Internet till vetenskapliga artiklar
• Conscience Clause for Scientists and Engineers (ILO)
• Declaration of the Budapest World Science Forum 2011 on a New Era of Global Science
• Declaration on Animals in Medical Research (UK)
• Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge (UNESCO)
• Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations (UNESCO)
• EuroScience Open Letter on Research on science in society
• Humboldt-eden, även kallad A graduation pledge of social and environmental responsibility
• Improving knowledge transfer between research institutions and industry across Europe: Voluntary guidelines for universities and other research institutions to improve their links with industry across Europe (EU-kommissionen)
• The Lund Declaration
• Pledge (Student Pugwash USA)
• Poznan Declaration - Whole-of-university promotion of social capital, health and development
• Recommendations on the Status of Scientific Researchers (UNESCO 1974)
• Statement on Academic Sanctions or Boycotts (World Medical Association)
• Toward a Global Ethic: Initial Declaration (Parliament of the World's Religions)
• Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities (InterAction Council)
• Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities (UNESCO)
• Universal ethical code for scientists (Council for Science & Technology, UK)
• Uppsalakodexen
• The Washington DC Principles for Free Access to Science
• För forskare vid multinationella företag finns The OECD Declaration And Decisions On International Investment And Multinational Enterprises som menar att dessa företag genom effektivt nyttjande av kapital, teknologi och anställda bör främja miljön samt ekonomisk och social välfärd. Se även Business Ethics Pledge.

Senast uppdaterad: 2020-01-14